I'm interested to know what everyone thinks, because besides being a fascinating subject in itself, this seems to me to be of serious cultural and spiritual importance. The universal mental picture of Earth as peripheral and insignificant, one of the obscurest among a myriad inhabited planets, must have done more to undermine the Biblical world-view than almost anything else except biological evolution (to which it's closely related).
This isn't intended as a question for scientists, and I don't mean to start a technical discussion of the scientific evidence for or against. As a non-scientist, I have to approach it differently.
My starting point is just the fact that there IS scientific evidence for geocentricity. Who even knew that?? It seems to be a remarkably well-kept secret as far as the average layman is concerned.
I have only now discovered (for eg) that for the purpose of predicting eclipses and so on, the geocentric model and the heliocentric fit equally well with observational evidence. It's just that this fact gets no publicity: not surprisingly when for any serious astronomer to suggest that the evidence points to geocentricity would mean the instant loss of all academic credibility (it's exactly the same with Young Earth Creationism). There are many who do think so, but their views are not going to make headlines any time soon.
However (this is the crux) if there is "good enough" scientific support for both positions without demonstrable consensus, - shouldn't Christians be looking to the Bible to tell us which is the true model?
- and surely Scripture on balance asserts geocentricity much more unambiguously than it could possibly be said to assert the contrary.
Besides, Earth is undeniably the spiritual centre of all things, so failing extraordinarily conclusive counter-evidence, one would naturally expect it also to be physically central (as is in fact powerfully implied in the account of Creation week).
Finally, as soon as I question how come in that case heliocentricity could have gained universal credence - I know the answer.
Jenny,
The "evidence" that some so called scientists use to support a geocentric model falls flat as soon as you ask them what the path of a rocket fired into space would follow and they cannot easily predict it without first finding the path with a heliocentric model. The same hermeneutic for saying the geocentric model is true would be the same hermeneutic for a flat earth. We have orbited the earth, seen that it is not flat, measured the curvature, and know that the language was figurative when it speaks of "corners of the earth" in scripture.
The idea of a heliocentric solar system is what enabled the sending of a probe to intercept a comet (you can find stories on the mission called "Deep Impact" in many places). The idea of having a geocentric model of the solar system actually connect with a comet is about the same as what you might expect of hitting a bullet fired from a gun with another bullet fired from a gun a mile away.
The same is true of prediction of things like the comet that struck Jupiter. Saying what the model had to have been after the fact is child's play compared to predicting the path and getting it right before it strikes. Sending a satellite into space to pass by Saturn (Cassini space probe) and having it work would be impossible without a correct model. For that matter, sending a Mars lander would be impossible with anything but the most accurate model (and proved the undoing of one probe when one of the engineers used English units instead of metric on one attempt).
So what do I make of these things and the scripture? The scripture speaks truth in all that it says. It is inerrant and infallible in what God said in it ... but that does not mean that I (or any church) is infallible in interpretation of what it says. When even the reformers such as Calvin stated that they believed a geocentric view of the solar system, they did damage to what God had said by going beyond what God had revealed. Why do I think that? For the same reason that I think those that had forcefully stated the Earth was flat were wrong in their interpretation. God gives us the truth He desires to reveal in his word, not what we might want to know.
That said, there is a very close question that follows: How can I be sure (100% sure, without a doubt) that I am correct in anything that I read in scripture? In one sense, I cannot. It is not my positiveness that saves me ... it is the finished work of Christ, applied by the Holy Spirit, through faith that saves me. Faith is not sight, but our faith is not a "I hope it is" like we have no assurance at all. Even so, it is not tied to salvation either. We have assurance, but that is not salvation. We accept what God says ... and yet we hear what he says imperfectly (we are sinners, and even when we read the word of God, our understanding of it is tainted by our sin in this world ... we see as in a glass darkly). The real issue is that I know I, in myself, cannot possibly hope to interpret any of scripture purely (even with the Spirit's help). What I can know is that I can trust that Christ will deliver me from my sin (even in my misunderstanding of the scripture).
Is the Bible correct? Yes. Are we correct in interpretation? No. While we work diligently to know what it says, even those that are great men of faith that have gone before are wrong, be they never so diligent in studying what the Bible says, and in some way or other off. Just because we study the scriptures, does not mean that we study them aright. We bring to them our own sin and misconceptions, even as we do every other area of life. Our confidence is not in our interpretation of scripture, but in Christ. Is there a paradox in there? Perhaps. What we know of Christ, we know from scripture ... so we have to walk by faith that God in Christ has removed our heart of stone and given us a heart of flesh so we are not among the reprobate on the last day.
Those that study both the book of God's word and the book of God's work have an advantage over those that only look to one ... while priority is given to his word, when there is uncertainty in the word, and there is certainty in his work, we can trust that God does not lie to us in either.