Afterthought
Puritan Board Senior
Turretin writes:
"VII. For a thing to be denied by philosophy is different from not being taught by it. We do not deny that various theological mysteries are not taught in philosophy, but it does not follow that they are denied by it because the limits of the two sciences must be kept distinct. The physician does not meddle with geometry, nor the lawyer with natural science. So philosophy should be kept within its proper bounds and not be allowed to thrust its pruning hook into a different field. Therefore, because it says nothing about the Trinity and the incarnation, we must not suppose that it denies these doctrines.
XIII. Although theology teaches many things which philosophy knows not, it does not follow that a thing may be false in philosophy which is true in theology because truth is not at variance with truth, nor is light opposed to light. But care must be taken that philosophical truths be not extended beyond their own sphere and the ordinary powers of nature to those things which are of supernatural revelation or power; that the physical be not confounded with the hyper-physical or human with divine things. For example, it is true in philosophy that a virgin cannot bring forth, that a heavy body is carried downwards, that fire burns matter placed in contact with it, that from nothing, nothing can come--the contraries of which theology maintains. But they are not on this account opposed to each other because these things are spoken of in different relations.... In philosophy, they are denied with reference to the laws of nature, but in theology they are affirmed with reference to divine omnipotence and supernaturally." (Institutes First Topic, Thirteenth Question)
If I'm understanding Turretin correctly, something can be said in philosophy that contradicts theology, yet both propositions are true with respect to their fields. This is quite different from what I usually hear: that true science (and presumably true philosophy too) does not contradict theology or Scripture. So my questions. (1) Besides its potential for solving the "tension" between philosophy/science and theology, what other reasons are there for accepting this view? Why should we accept this view as correct? (I'm guessing the answer will be something like, "It's what we do anyway with respect to the virgin birth, etc.," but are there any other reasons?) I ask because I'm not sure whether the apparent contradiction is merely only apparent between the two (but that's addressed in a later question).
(2) Does this really resolve any "problems" between what science says and what Scriptures say? I ask because science (or philosophy) is supposed to be showing us what reality is like (or so scientists say), so it would seem that science done rightly would not contradict theology, or else it would appear God has been deceiving us. Of course, on the other hand, science would also say that a virgin cannot give birth, but is there a difference between a miracle recorded in Scripture on the one hand and the data we receive from the natural world on the other (or our natural reasoning in philosophy?)?
(3) How far can philosophy/science differ from theology? For example, we see the light of stars exploding, which according to natural science must show the universe to be billions of years old or else we would be seeing stars that never existed explode (and so presumably, God would be deceiving us). So does the difference between them "stop" at any point or can they differ as much as possible while still remaining true with respect to their fields?
(4) On this view, does it really matter what science says, provided we restrict it to the realm of natural causes? So, for example, could Christians say evolution and a very old universe are true with respect to science while affirming six day Creation with respect to theology?
(5) On this view, what would we make of such differences? Is it said, for example, that if God did not create, then we would have developed by evolution over many years? In other words, do we view the differing information we get from the natural world as a hypothetical scenario?
(6) Finally, and perhaps an easy question to answer, which really shows what reality is like when the two differ at a point? Philosophy/science or theology? (I'm guessing theology.)
There are other questions I could ask, I suppose, like the historical question of why in the world did Christians accept modern scientific findings if they had this easy of a solution in front of them and whether Christians should participate in scientific areas that contradict theology, but I'll stick with these to keep the thread more focused.
"VII. For a thing to be denied by philosophy is different from not being taught by it. We do not deny that various theological mysteries are not taught in philosophy, but it does not follow that they are denied by it because the limits of the two sciences must be kept distinct. The physician does not meddle with geometry, nor the lawyer with natural science. So philosophy should be kept within its proper bounds and not be allowed to thrust its pruning hook into a different field. Therefore, because it says nothing about the Trinity and the incarnation, we must not suppose that it denies these doctrines.
XIII. Although theology teaches many things which philosophy knows not, it does not follow that a thing may be false in philosophy which is true in theology because truth is not at variance with truth, nor is light opposed to light. But care must be taken that philosophical truths be not extended beyond their own sphere and the ordinary powers of nature to those things which are of supernatural revelation or power; that the physical be not confounded with the hyper-physical or human with divine things. For example, it is true in philosophy that a virgin cannot bring forth, that a heavy body is carried downwards, that fire burns matter placed in contact with it, that from nothing, nothing can come--the contraries of which theology maintains. But they are not on this account opposed to each other because these things are spoken of in different relations.... In philosophy, they are denied with reference to the laws of nature, but in theology they are affirmed with reference to divine omnipotence and supernaturally." (Institutes First Topic, Thirteenth Question)
If I'm understanding Turretin correctly, something can be said in philosophy that contradicts theology, yet both propositions are true with respect to their fields. This is quite different from what I usually hear: that true science (and presumably true philosophy too) does not contradict theology or Scripture. So my questions. (1) Besides its potential for solving the "tension" between philosophy/science and theology, what other reasons are there for accepting this view? Why should we accept this view as correct? (I'm guessing the answer will be something like, "It's what we do anyway with respect to the virgin birth, etc.," but are there any other reasons?) I ask because I'm not sure whether the apparent contradiction is merely only apparent between the two (but that's addressed in a later question).
(2) Does this really resolve any "problems" between what science says and what Scriptures say? I ask because science (or philosophy) is supposed to be showing us what reality is like (or so scientists say), so it would seem that science done rightly would not contradict theology, or else it would appear God has been deceiving us. Of course, on the other hand, science would also say that a virgin cannot give birth, but is there a difference between a miracle recorded in Scripture on the one hand and the data we receive from the natural world on the other (or our natural reasoning in philosophy?)?
(3) How far can philosophy/science differ from theology? For example, we see the light of stars exploding, which according to natural science must show the universe to be billions of years old or else we would be seeing stars that never existed explode (and so presumably, God would be deceiving us). So does the difference between them "stop" at any point or can they differ as much as possible while still remaining true with respect to their fields?
(4) On this view, does it really matter what science says, provided we restrict it to the realm of natural causes? So, for example, could Christians say evolution and a very old universe are true with respect to science while affirming six day Creation with respect to theology?
(5) On this view, what would we make of such differences? Is it said, for example, that if God did not create, then we would have developed by evolution over many years? In other words, do we view the differing information we get from the natural world as a hypothetical scenario?
(6) Finally, and perhaps an easy question to answer, which really shows what reality is like when the two differ at a point? Philosophy/science or theology? (I'm guessing theology.)
There are other questions I could ask, I suppose, like the historical question of why in the world did Christians accept modern scientific findings if they had this easy of a solution in front of them and whether Christians should participate in scientific areas that contradict theology, but I'll stick with these to keep the thread more focused.
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