Languages in the time of Jesus

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Mathetes

Puritan Board Freshman
Hello all...I've been wondering about something for a while and I'd like to see what you folks think. Throughout the New Testament, we see Jesus and the Apostles speak with Roman officials, whether they be folks like Pontius Pilate or soldiers and jailers. One would suspect that Jesus and the Apostles spoke Aramaic while the Romans spoke Latin - so if they were able to communicate this only seems to leave open four possibilities:

1. Jews in the first century (including Jesus and His followers) could speak Latin, whether by choice or whether the Roman government required it
2. Roman officials were required to learn the language of territories they were occupying
3. Jews and Romans spoke to each other by way of a lingua franca, like Koine Greek
4. A translator was usually present

What do you think?
 
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