What is the difference between inerrancy and infallibility, and how do different people use these words?

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Scott Roper
Member, Redeemer Presbyterian Church (PCA)
Winston-Salem, NC
scottandjenny.ws

This is my biased opinion but in general people who use infallibility are scared of being labeled an "innerantist" by others.

Again my opinion.

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Benjamin P. Glaser, M. Div, Licentiate, Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Member Fairmount ARP Church
Pittsburgh, PA

Deo Vindice

I thougt inerrancy was that nothing has been left out of or added to the bible that God didn't intend, and that the words in scripture are Godbreathed so they are the exact words God willed to be written (therefore its inerrant).

Infallible I thought meant, the inerrant words in the bible are absolute truths, there are no contradictions.

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Nikki Edmond
Desert Springs Presbyterian Church (PCA)
Tucson, AZ
Principle and Practice Blog
Proverbs 1:7 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction.

I've always been taught "inerrancy" means free of technical errors, such as grammatical, numerical, etc. "Infallibility" on the other hand means completely true in essence. The Bible is certainly infallible, but is not inerrant.

An example: 2 Samuel 8:4 says David took 700 horsemen from Hadadezer, while when relating the same event, 1 Chronicles 18:4 says he took 7,000. It doesn't change the fact that David took horsemen from Hadadezer (infallibility) and defeated him in battle, but it does reveal a transcriptional error.

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Mason
Member, Redeemer Presbyterian Church (PCA)
New York, NY

"Come now, and let us reason together," says the Lord, "Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red like crimson, they shall be as wool." - Isaiah 1:18

I could be wrong, but I think they essentially used to be more or less synonymous and conservatives or fundamentalists at the turn of the 20th century emphasized infallibility. But before long, liberals and those in formerly sound institutions started redefining the meaning of infallible to mean that the Bible is only infallible in matters of faith and not science, history, etc. so the conservatives reemphasized verbal and plenary inspiration and the term inerrancy.

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Christian
One Pilgrims Progress

The way I remember learning it in a Bibliology course -

inerrancy: The Bible is without error.

infalliblity: The Bible is incapable of error.

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~Jay~
Husband of ENS, father of J II. | Indian Trail, NC
disabled - cancer
Communicant Member, Precentor | Presbyterian Reformed Church of Charlotte, NC | Presbyterian Reformed Church

zzzzzz ...

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Soli Deo Gloria

John Schultz
Member, Riveroaks Reformed Presbyterian Church (PCA)
Germantown, TN

"The reason why we worship God in a slight way is because we do not see God in His glory"
Jeremiah Burroughs

From Theopedia article:

Some scholars see infallibility as a less restrictive term than "inerrancy" in discussing the reliability of the Bible. For example, Davis suggests Thus Davis argues that infallibility does not necessitate a doctrine of inerrancy. In this sense, infallibility is seen as a nuanced and less-restrictive view of the Bible's reliability.

However, others see it the other way around, i.e. infallibility is the stronger term and specifically implies inerrancy. In article XI, the Chicago Statement (on Biblical Inerrancy) says, This then is contrary to Davis' view above.

Further, in article XII, the Chicago statement says, Adding to the potential confusion is the layman's tendency to use the terms interchangeably.

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Jim
1689 LBCF
Independent Bible Church
North Texas, USA

agreed

While many people think of "infallibility only" people as almost-liberals, I actually thihnk infallible is a more powerful concept than inerrant. Infallible has deep apologetical implications.

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J. B. Atken
John Knox PCA
Layman, M.A. student at Louisiana College

I agree, when the term is understood correctly. The problem is when attempts are made to limit the application of infallibility, as noted above. The tip off nowadays is usually when someone affirms some form of infallibility but refuses to affirm inerrancy.

The terms are almost never used appropriately.

As has been mentioned, technically "inerrant" means without error and "infallible" means incapable of error. If I score a 100% on a test it is "inerrant" but does not prove me to be "infallible."

In common practice, it is just reversed as most evangelicals in mid-century held to inerrancy as the shibboleth for differentiating themselves from liberals. In the late 60s and early 70s some places such as Fuller Seminary dropped "inerrancy" in favor of "infallibility" which to them, anyway, meant less to defend.

Dan Fuller (one of the residents in my retirement home ministry), penned an article back in that time period making the case for "infallibility" ("Benjamin B. Warfield’s View Of Faith And History: A Critique in the Light of the New Testament --
The Evangelical Theological Society." (1968). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Volume 11 (11:75). The Fuller faculty's "change" was the topic of a chapter in Harold Lindsell's Battle for the Bible ("The Strange Case of Fuller Seminary"). He argued that surrendering inerrancy was the first step toward other theological concessions. In the final analysis, I believe that history has vindicated his argument, if not entirely his attitude at the time.

It should also be pointed out that the usual description of inerrant means "without error in the original autographs." I know that some on this board would probably dispute that. Nevertheless, transcriptional errors are described this way. I agree with the definition of inerrant as without errors, and infallible as incapable of error, the latter term being far more exalted and implying the former.

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Rev. Lane Keister
Teaching Elder, PCA, North Dakota (working out of bounds in a CRC and an RCA church)
http://greenbaggins.wordpress.com
http://brahmsgreenglove.blogspot.com
http://accenttranslation.blogspot.com
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I was waiting for someone to point this out, and agree entirely. In the original text, there were no transcriptional errors, and thus the text was inerrant. I was speaking of my copy of the NKJV, which is not inerrant. But the original manuscripts certainly were both inerrant and infallible.

Circling back to Scott's OP, in the theological parlance of the day, the battle for "inerrancy" was/is part of the differentiation between liberalism and conservatism (at least certain stripes of it). Even though the word "infallibility" should be the stronger term, it is used because it permits more wiggle room for the phenomena of Scripture.

If you examine the history of "evangelical" institutions over the last several decades, the shift from "inerrancy" to any number of examples of verbal legerdemain have been signals of a desire to soften the doctrine of scripture. In many cases, however, the institution keeps its formal statement of faith (and/or confession) and simply winks at it in tolerating doctrinal explorations by professors, defended in the name of academic freedom.

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Dennis E. McFadden, Ex Mainline Baptist (in Remission)
Atherton Baptist Homes, CEO
First Baptist Church of Alhambra, Member, Transformation Ministries (CA)

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I've always though of inerrant as meaning there are no errors in the text itself, whereas infallible means there are no errors in the assertions that the text makes.

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Larry Bray
Elder - Reformed Presbyterian Church of Boothwyn, PCA
Boothwyn, PA - http://www.rpcb.org/
Free Online Reformed Seminary - http://www.tnars.net
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The dictionary definition is as follows: "Inerrancy is distinguished from Biblical infallibility (or limited inerrancy), which holds that the Bible is inerrant on issues of faith and practice but not history or science."

infallible technically means "not deceitful" (in fallere)
inerrant technically means "not in error"

Because of transcriptional errors could we say that a particular manuscript could be in error without being deceitful?