Travis,
I think that the quickest way to get a handle on the different senses that they take on by case, depending on your ability to do basic translation at this point, is to find many passages that incorporate them, and to translate them within a context. Memorizing the range of meaning did very little for me, but once I began to seen them in context it was much more natural to get the sense of how case/sentence structure bears on the meaning. That is because in the context of a sentence some meanings will just cancel themselves out as being nonsensical, and you will begin to get a "feel" for how the cases function much more concretely than by having a stare down with your desktop preposition layout.
You may not have that option, however, if you are memorizing them for an exam, and do not yet have enough vocab/translation skills under your belt in order to assimilate entire sentences. If you have a bare minimum, try a bibleworks or concordance search within the Gospel and Epistles of John. His Greek is much more readable at the early levels of study, and rather enjoyable to translate.
Rev. Adam J. Myer
Estacada Christian Church
Sandy, Oregon
ChBOLC
Soli Deo Gloria
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