Apparently Rich wants me to stay here as he hasn't removed my ability to post, yet ;-) That's (one reason) why I left here. No self-control with this time suck!
(Note: "ought implies can" = "The Maxim.")
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I'm very glad we can have this dicussion and I greatly appreciate your concerns. As you said, a writer needs to be clear and what this shows me is that I have some work to do in that area. I'm thinking through all of this and asking myself how I can be more clear in the future so as to better communicate my main point.
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Me too.
Also, meant to tell you another thing I appreciated. Though this isn't unique to you, I appreciated you placing a
summum bonum on the knowledge of God. I would disagree with some of what you said and inferred from that, but nevertheless it was fresh to see it mentioned in a contemporary work.
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I don't agree that internalism requires the infinite regress you've said it does, or that the practical and psychological examples of why a person cannot do what they ought to do show that the ought/can principle is not relevant for my point. Again, these additional issues will take some time to open up. My sense is that at the most basic level, the internalist/externalist distinction, and the want/can distinction, collapse. But that will take some explaining.
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I'll look foreword to your "opening up" of those things. At this time, I guess we just disagree since I am convinced by the (many) arguments against internalism and still haven't seen how ought implies can can (!) work for you. If you haven't already, you may want to contact Andrew Baily (Ph.D. program at Notre Dame) as he is a compatibilist who (is trying to) affirm The Maxim and deny PAP.
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Please judge that book for what it is trying to do, and feel free to let me know what you think I left out. There, as well as in this forum, I'm trying to communicate to a general audience rather than to one that is specializing in philosophy/theology. ... The goal is to say that Christians should be able to show that whatever beliefs are used to replace belief in God are inexcusable.
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I did try to judge it according to that. But, since I am a Van Tillian (and fairly Plantinganian), I also judged it as a critique of Van Til (and Plantinga). And since I love apologetics, I judged it as to how it might work in that regard. And as a Reformed "theologian", I judged it in that regard.
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From the beginning of your replies the repeating issue is with the nature of "ought" and "can." This is because I maintain that if we are guilty for not knowing God, as Christianity maintains, then we must be able to know God. This "able" is in the sense of natural ability.
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Though I disagree that man has merely the
ability to know God rather than the
actuality of knowledge, it seems you could say what you wanted to without affirming The Maxim.
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unbeliever: I couldn't know God because I wasn't regenerated.
believer: so you believe God exists and didn't regenerate you?
unbeliever: no, I don't believe that God exists, but if God had regenerated me then I would have believed.
believer: so you are blaming a being that you don't think exists for not regenerating you to believe in said being?
unbeliever: yes.
As an excuse this is pretty bad--inexcusable. I think the believer can say: setting aside questions about regeneration, why not simply believe? I think the unbeliever will say something that adds up to: I don't want to.
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Seems to me he'd try to launch an
internal critique, thus he can affirm that
and profess non-belief in God.
Thus the unbeliever might use this as a reason to not believe since Christianity is internally problematic.
Or, he may try to develop a moral theology whereby if predestination is true, then God is immoral for not regenerating everyone while ordaining them to perdition.
In fact,
Arminians argue this all the time against us. You've just stated the problem of evil against Calvinism argument. So, they both believe that God exists and that your faux conversation reveals problems with Calvinism.
Indeed, one of your Arizona colleagues, Victor Reppert, has spent a lot of time (trying to) develop arguments against Calvinism along this line.
Do I think they're bad? Yeah. But they don't. In fact, they're convinced by them. Call Calvin's God a moral monster.
All this to say, the situation doesn't need to be as simplistic as you put it.
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So I am ok granting that people could have an initial immediate sense of God (sensus divinitatis), that this was lost in the Fall, and that they need regeneration to restore it. But I also believe that they suppress it through unbelief, which means they replace it with some other beliefs that are not true. All I'm calling us to do is to show that whatever beliefs they replace "God" with are inexcusable.
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I understand that, but I have to side with what I think the best exegesis of Romans 1 is, and I think that it is what I and the majority of Reformed Theologians have said: All men
have a knowledge of God.
I agree that whatever idol they worship, they are inexcusable.
But, I think men can have knowledge
and supress that knowledge. This can be shown if one takes Audi's analysis of self-deception, or perhaps Brian McLaughlin's notion of "inaccessible beliefs."
So your biggest worry for apologetic systems--how can they affirm inexcusability--seems to be able to be had by the putative Reformed exegesis of Romans 1, as well as using, as servant, some of the insights of analytic philosophy so as to itch burning contemporary philosopher's ears.
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Moving to issue 2 (I'm hesitant to address 2 issues in a single posting, I don't want things to get muddy). I don't think my appeal to reason is at all similar to Plantinga or Van Til when they become circular. We can look at systems that claim non-contradiction is false all the time, or false some times, and see what happens. But as for why I think their appeal is problematic, consider the following:
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I understand why you would hold that position, but to me the situation looks identical.
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Christian to Hindu: you don't believe in God because, although man had an initial sensus divinitatis, it was lost in the Fall and now you reject what is true because you are not properly functioning. You won't come to belief unless regenerated, and this based on the will of God and has nothing to do with your actions. I suggest you accept the teachings of God in the Bible.
Hindu to Christian: you don't believe in Krishna because, although initially enlightened, you accrued karma and now you reject what is true because you are not properly functioning. You won't come to belief unless enlightened, and this is based on the divine will, not on anything you do. I suggest you accept the teachings of Krishna in the Bhagavad-Gita.
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The only way you could sqeeze any juice out of this example is by butchering the Christian side of the conversation. For example, though I have major disagreements with Bahnsen, I
never heard him argue that way against Hinduism. In fact, I've
never seen a presuppositionalist argue in apologetic fashion against Hinduism they way you're portrayed it. In fact, I'm not sure I've
ever seen an
apologist in general argue against Hinduism in that way.
But for the counter:
You claim that the LNC is universal and invariable. As soon as one denies it, one affirms it.
The dialetheist, though, doesn't agree.
So you give him your proof using explosion (i.e., "appeal to classical logic").
He then denies this proof by appeal to non-classical logic (e.g., paraconsistent).
To continue to appeal to "classical logic" is to "beg the question."
Other than that, I'd like to see your critiques of Hinduism or Buddhism. Usually apologists offer poor critiques based on their understanding of Hinduism or Buddhism that is mixed with Western concepts too, what I call
Weasternism. Keith Ward and others have shown that many critiques of the Eastern Religions are simply based on poor study.
For example, it's a lot harder to refute Nagarjuna's transcendental-esk argument found in e.g., “The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way,” than most would think.
So as I said, proof is in the pudding. Apologist's
claims about what they can do to "all other worldviews" often lack in substance what they don't in zeal. One concer I would want to offer you to take away: Be careful of claiming too much. This was part of Bahnsen's problem. Everyone thought he destroyed unbelief in the Bahnsen/Stein debate, they quickly found out it was much, much harder to argue for and defend Christian theism than they thought. Got embarrased at the colleges and universities. When you make claims like "all Christians should be able to show that God's existence is clear just as easily as they can show 2+2=4" (your paradigm case of something clear), you're setting them up for a fall. Cause it's not. Indeed, your claim about the LNC being an example of "maximum clarity and so maximum inexcusability" seems to have been undercut by the dialetheist (cf. Preist's works). But on my model, none of this matters. That's the advantage of holding to the
actual knowledge of God hall men have as that which makes them inexcusable. FWIW.