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A study of the Larger and Shorter Catechism on the 6th commandment would be very helpful here.
It not only prohibits premeditated murder (which is not killing in war but between fellow Israelites) but also annexes itself to the proper sanctity of life, which includes the protection of all life, including your own, and your family's, but not dispelling capital punishment. As a matter of fact, the command, and GOd's use of it through the OT and NT, demonstrates that those who do not hold to capital punishment hold a LOW view of human life - a view less holy than God's view which required recompense.
One would also have to make a differentiation between being mugged, being a prezcher in China for the sake of the Gospel, and eliminating Communisim in Russia or dictatorship in WW2 Germany.
But as a note, historically speaking (i.e. a survery of historical theology) the church never believed that Christ taught passifism.
On a different note, and a plea for a study of "enemy love" in its proper context, one would find some interesting points about WHY we love our enemies and in the proper context. Why are we good to the atheist on purpose in certain circumstances, rather than simply rebuking them? One would find that loving your enemies is motivated by God's wrath on your enemies, which is a very interesting dichotomy. Its the "I'm going to be nice on purpose (willfully) because I know God will get them in the end" mentality.) If God was not going to damn these people to hell (in the positive sense), we should not be motivated to love them leaving God's wrath to do its work, and to heap up MORE condemnation by loving them. Read Paul's commentary on the OT Psalmist idea in "heaping up burning coals upon thier heads." Its actually a subtle Messianic Warrior theme through the NT. (cf. my sections on enemy love in "The Two Wills of God.)
Jonathan Edwards made an interesting note on the damnation of sinners and God's hatred of them in relation to our pondering the elect and reprobate. "IF" we knew who was reprobate, we would be required to hate what GOd hates, as we are required to hate what God hates right now. Only thing is, we don't know who is and who is not. But if we did, we would be required to hate them now. (Food for theological reflection).
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