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was the atonement for the people in this passage of a different type than that of which we are assuming?
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I tend to think it is different. Atonement, in my mind, in this passage is more related to holding back God's temporal wrath on a nation, than His eternal wrath on an individual.
If priests were faithful in sacrificing on behalf of their people - national Israel was protected from its enemies on earth. As far as I know, every time national Israel was not protected, its priesthood had been corrupted. This is the type of 'atonement' I believe it promises. And as such, is certainly a small type/shadow of the federal headship and sacrifice of Christ for His.